Formation of tungsten oxide encapsulated in titanium oxide nanocages by modified plasma arc gas condensation

Non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide (W₁₈O₄₉) nanoparticles encapsulated in titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanocages were successfully prepared by a modified plasma arc gas condensation technique. The morphology and structure of these core-shell nanoparticles, as well as the growth mechanism, were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrate that the demands associated with mass production and the choice of materials can be addressed by utilizing this synthesis method.