Coral reef-like zinc niobate nanostructures decorated functionalized carbon nanofiber as electrode modifier for detection of oxidative stress biomarker: 3-nitro-L-tyrosine

Oxidative stress can transform immunologic disorders to malignancy by enhancing the effect of pathogenic factors associated with adverse health problems. Biomarkers generated during oxidative stress are essential in assessing the in vivo condition of the cell for evaluating health and diagnosing the disease at an early stage, prognosis, benign and effectual drug development, and testing the drug efficacy. 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine is an oxidative stress biomarker produced from L-tyrosine through nitration mediated by active metabolites. Thus, precise detection of 3-NO₂-Tyr in the biological medium is significantly important to monitor the cell environment. Consequently, a novel electrochemical sensing platform had been designed using ZnNb₂O₆ nanostructures anchored f-CNF as a glassy carbon electrode modifier. The crystalline and structural features, morphology, and elemental composition of ZnNb₂O₆/f-CNF nanocomposite were keenly verified. The synchronic activation of ZnNb₂O₆/f-CNF nanocomposite for effective detection of 3-NO₂-Tyr is mainly due to the synergic effect between its counterparts. Accordingly, the fabricated sensor possesses a remarkably low limit of detection (0.021 μM) with a good linear range, and sensitivity is noted to be 7.745 μA/μM⋅cm⁻². The consistency of this sensor was evinced through real-time monitoring of 3-NO₂-Tyr in urine and saliva samples which is beneficial in monitoring the pathological situation.