One step construction of crystal rod like Bi₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite for voltammetry determination of isoprenaline in pharmaceutical and urine sample

With an increased understanding of human health in recent years, rapid and reliable methods for identifying prescription drugs have become progressively essential. In this concern, here we have demonstrated the nano crystal rod like Bi₂O₃/ZnO were first synthesized through a coprecipitation approach using sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The prepared material was employed as an effective catalyst and then used to detect β adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (IP). Taking full advantage of about their improved properties, a novel electrochemical IP sensor was constructed by drop-coasting Bi₂O₃/ZnO on glassy carbon electrode. Various analytical and electrochemical methods were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of prepared material. Under optimal conditions, the present sensor showed a dynamic linear range (0.04 µM to 258.4 µM) with a detection limit of 0.06 µM (n = 3). The sensitivity was calculated to be 11.45 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻². Finally, the proposed electrode was successfully applied to the determination of IP in practical samples such as pharmaceutical and urine using standard addition method with satisfactory recovery result.