Graphene oxide@Ce-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles as electrocatalyst materials for voltammetric detection of hazardous methyl parathion

A sensitive voltammetric sensor has been developed for hazardous methyl parathion detection (MP) using graphene oxide@Ce-doped TiO₂ nanoparticle (GO@Ce-doped TiO₂ NP) electrocatalyst. The GO@Ce-doped TiO₂ NPs were prepared through the sol-gel method and characterized by various physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. The GO@Ce-doped TiO₂ NP–modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) addresses excellent electrocatalytic activity towards MP detection for environmental safety and protection. The developed strategy of GO@Ce-doped TiO₂ NPs at GCE surfaces for MP detection achieved excellent sensitivity (2.359 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻²) and a low detection limit (LOD) 0.0016 μM with a wide linear range (0.002 to 48.327 μM). Moreover, the fabricated sensor shows high selectivity and long-term stability towards MP detection; this significant electrode further paves the way for real-time monitoring of environmental quantitative samples with satisfying recoveries. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]